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软件:Red Hat 4 AS U7, Oracle 10g R2 for linux32, VMWare 7, Windows 7
详细步骤清单:
在Red Hat 4 AS U7上安装oracle10gR21. 硬件需求:===========================================至少1024MB物理内存# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo===========================================交换空间大小分配需求物理内存:1024 MB ~ 2048 MB, 1.5倍物理内存 物理内存:2049 MB ~ 8192 MB, 1倍物理内存 物理内存:8192 MB ~,0.75倍物理内存 # grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo===========================================/tmp目录至少留有400 MB空间# df -k /tmp===========================================1.5 GB至3.5 GB用于安装Oracle软件# df -k===========================================1.2 GB用于预安装Oracle数据库# df -k===========================================2. 软件需求:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0需要安装如下包:binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.EL4compat-db-4.1.25-9compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2control-center-2.8.0-12gcc-3.4.3-22.1.EL4gcc-c++-3.4.3-22.1.EL44glibc-2.3.4-2.9glibc-common-2.3.4-2.9gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1libstdc++-3.4.3-22.1libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-22.1make-3.80-5pdksh-5.2.14-30sysstat-5.0.5-1xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2setarch-1.6-1===========================================rpm -q binutils compat-db compat-libstdc++ control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-commonrpm -q gnome-libs libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver setarch[root@ora10g ~]# cd /media/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS[root@ora10g RPMS]#rpm -Uvh compat-db*在安装rpm包时,如果遇到相关性检查并报如下错误时,可通过安装glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.103.EL.i386.rpm解决: kernel-headers is needed by glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.41.i386 kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 is needed by glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.41.i386Ref:http://hi.baidu.com/wa0362/blog/item/023337efffd4ff1efcfa3ca9.html===========================================检查red hat发行版本号:# cat /etc/issue===========================================检查内核版本号:# uname -r===========================================查询相应package是否安装:# rpm -q package_name===========================================3. 网络需求:===========================================检查是否使用/etc/hosts进行名字解析(name resolution),如下命名应有files结果返回# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf | grep hosts[root@ora10g ~]# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf | grep hosts#hosts: db files ldap nis dnshosts: files dns===========================================检查主机名是否设置,如下命令应有类似结果(myhost.mycomputer.com)返回:# hostname[root@ora10g ~]# hostnameora10g===========================================检查域名是否没有被动态设置,如下命令不应返回任何结果:# domainname[root@ora10g ~]# domainname(none)===========================================检查hosts文件是否包含完整的描述名称(the fully qualified host name),如下命令应有类似结果(192.168.100.16 myhost.us.mycompany.com myhost127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain)返回:# cat /etc/hosts | grep `eval hostname`[root@ora10g ~]# cat /etc/hosts | grep `eval hostname`192.168.168.213 ora10g.kl.com ora10g[root@ora10g ~]#===========================================4. 创建必要的操作系统组和用户:oinstall组,必需,Oracle产品目录组(Oracle Inventory Group):如果如下命令没有类似结果(inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventoryinst_group=oinstall)返回,则必需创建该组:# more /etc/oraInst.loc创建oinstall组# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall===========================================dba组,必需,如果需要使用不同的名字,则需要在安装Oracle是进行指定,可为不同的oracle安装指定不同的dba组:创建dba组# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba===========================================oper组,可选,该组用来区分dba的普通用户,权限为SYSOPER:创建oper组# /usr/sbin/groupadd oper===========================================创建oracle安装用户确认用户是否存在,如果存在如下命令将有类似结果(uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper))返回:# id oracle不存在则可使用如下命令创建用户,存在请更换用户名:# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba[,oper] oracle设置密码:# passwd oracle===========================================[root@ora10g RPMS]# more /etc/oraInst.loc/etc/oraInst.loc: No such file or directory[root@ora10g RPMS]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall[root@ora10g RPMS]# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba[root@ora10g RPMS]# groupadd oper[root@ora10g RPMS]# id oracleid: oracle: No such user[root@ora10g RPMS]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle[root@ora10g RPMS]# passwd oracleChanging password for user oracle.New UNIX password:BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary wordRetype new UNIX password:passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.===========================================5. 配置内核参数检查/etc/sysctl.conf是否有如下配置,有且值比一下配置的大则保留,否则替换成以下值:kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000net.core.rmem_default = 1048576net.core.rmem_max = 1048576net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144以上内核参数需要重启后生效。===========================================[root@ora10g RPMS]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux## For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.# Controls IP packet forwardingnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0# Controls source route verificationnet.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1# Do not accept source routingnet.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernelkernel.sysrq = 0# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.kernel.core_uses_pid = 1[root@ora10g RPMS]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf[root@ora10g RPMS]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux## For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.# Controls IP packet forwardingnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0# Controls source route verificationnet.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1# Do not accept source routingnet.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernelkernel.sysrq = 0# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.kernel.core_uses_pid = 1kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000net.core.rmem_default = 1048576net.core.rmem_max = 1048576net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144[root@ora10g RPMS]#===========================================针对oracle用户设置Shell的限制以优化性能-------------------------------------------在/etc/security/limits.conf 文件中增加如下配置:oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536-------------------------------------------在/etc/pam.d/login 文件中增加如下配置:session required /lib/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so-------------------------------------------在/etc/profile 文件中增加如下配置,适用于 Bash或者Korn shell:if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fifi===========================================6. 标识必需的软件目录检查是否已经oracle根目录(Oracle Base Directory)已经存在:# more /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc没有则使用如下命令创建oracle根目录:# mkdir -p /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner# chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner# chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_ownermount_point:为挂载点,如u01。oracle_sw_owner:为安装oracle软件的用户名,如oracle。-------------------------------------------[root@ora10g ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle[root@ora10g ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/[root@ora10g ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/[root@ora10g ~]#-------------------------------------------目录创建好后需要设置环境变量ORACLE_BASE,使其指向/mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner。Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:$ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle$ ORACLE_SID=sales$ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID-------------------------------------------[oracle@ora10g ~]$ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle[oracle@ora10g ~]$ ORACLE_SID=ora10g[oracle@ora10g ~]$ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID[oracle@ora10g ~]$===========================================设置建立文件和文件夹时预设的权限掩码:如果是Bourne shell (sh), Bash shell (bash), or Korn shell (ksh),执行如下命名编辑用户shell启动文件:$ vi .bash_profile然后编辑或者增加如下行(umask 022相当与每建立一个文件或文件夹时都chmod 755):umask 022最后运行该启动脚本使其生效:Bash shell:$ . ./.bash_profileBourne or Korn shell:$ . ./.profile-------------------------------------------[oracle@ora10g ~]$ vi .bash_profile[oracle@ora10g ~]$ . ./.bash_profile[oracle@ora10g ~]$ umask0022===========================================执行以下命令以确认 ORACLE_HOME 和 TNS_ADMIN 环境变量没有被设置:$ unset ORACLE_HOME$ unset TNS_ADMIN===========================================注意:所有的环境变量都是在oracle用户下设置的。以上步骤完成后即可在oracle 10g r2的软件安装目录下执行如下命令进行安装:./runInstaller安装的时候最好选择custom方式的安装,这样可以看到很多环境变量里面自定义的参数被应用到了哪些地方。-------------------------------------------[oracle@ora10g database]$ ./runInstaller===========================================《全篇完》Ref:《Database Installation Guide for Linux x86》 - Preinstallation Tasks===========================================
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